(1)Article 13 P75
General requirements for generation of information on intrinsic properties of substances
3. Where tests on substances are required to generate information on intrinsic properties of substances, they shall be conducted in accordance with the test methods laid down in a Commission Regulation or in accordance with other international test methods recognised by the Commission or the Agency as being appropriate. The Commission shall adopt that Regulation, designed to amend the non-essential elements of this Regulation by supplementing it, in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 133(4). Information on intrinsic properties of substances may be generated in accordance with other test methods provided that the conditions set out in Annex XI are met.
4. Ecotoxicological and toxicological tests and analyses shall be carried out in compliance with the principles of good laboratory practice provided for in Directive 2004/10/EC or other international standards recognised as being equivalent by the Commission or the Agency and with the provisions of Directive 86/609/EEC, if applicable.
当要求对物质进行试验以生成关于物质固有特性的信息时,则应按照欧盟委员会法规中所规定的试验方法或依照欧盟委员会或化学品管理局认为适当的其他国际试验方法进行此类试验。只要能满足附件XI中规定的条件,物质固有特性可按照其他试验方法生成。
只要适用,生态毒理学和毒理学试验和分析应按照2004/10/EEC号指令所规定的良好实验室规范原则或其他被欧盟委员会或化学品管理署认可的国际标准并按照第86/609/EEC号指令的规定进行。
(2)1.3. Qualitative or Quantitative structure-activity relationship ((Q)SAR) Results obtained from valid qualitative or quantitative structure-activity relationship models ((Q)SARs) may indicate the presence or absence of a certain dangerous property. Results of (Q)SAR may be used instead of testing when the following conditions are met:
– results are derived from a (Q)SAR model whose scientific validity has been established,
– the substance falls within the applicability domain of the (Q)SARs model,
– results are adequate for the purpose of classification and labelling and/or risk assessment, and
– adequate and reliable documentation of the applied method is provided.
The Agency in collaboration with the Commission, Member States and interested parties shall develop and provide guidance in assessing which (Q)SAR will meet these conditions and provide examples.
从有效的定性定量结构活性关系模式中获得的结论,可以表明某种特定危险特性是否存在。如果满足下列条件,就可以用定性定量结构活性关系分析的结果代替试验:
——从已经建立起科学有效性的定性定量结构活性关系模型中得到的结论;
——物质恰在结构活性关系分析模型的适用范围;
——对分类、标记和风险评估等目的,结果是充分的;并且
——提供了适用方法的充分可靠的文献。
化学品管理局与欧盟委员会和成员国以及各利害关系方应协作制定和提供满足这些条件的评估指南,并提供示例。
1.5. Grouping of substances and read-across approach
Substances whose physicochemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties are likely to be similar or follow a regular pattern as a result of structural similarity may be considered as a group, or "category" of substances. Application of the group concept requires that physicochemical properties, human health effects and environmental effects or environmental fate may be predicted from data for reference substance(s) within the group by interpolation to other substances in the group (read-across approach). This avoids the need to test every substance for every endpoint. The Agency, after consulting with relevant stakeholders and other interested parties, shall issue guidance on technically and scientifically justified methodology for the grouping of substances sufficiently in advance of the first registration deadline for phase-in substances.
某些在物理化学性质、毒理学和生态毒理学方面的特性有可能相似,或者由于结构相似而遵循某个有规则模式的物质,可以视为是一组或一类物质,可利用组内的一种参考物质的数据可以预测到该种物质的理化特性、人类健康影响和环境影响或环境结果。这就避免了为了每个物质的每个终点都进行试验的需求。
备注:采用Q(SAR)和Read-across等方法对化学物质的理化性质以及毒理学、生态毒理学性质进行预测已被ECHA所接受并且被鼓励。目前,丹麦国家环保局(EPA)开发了一套Q(SAR)数据库,该数据库包括了70种Q(SAR)模型,可预测166,000中有机化学物质的性质。该系统属于开发系统,可免费使用。世界经合组织(OECD)也开发了相应的研究项目。采用Q(SAR)和Read-across对所研究的终点进行预测,可大大节省测试费用以及测试的时间,对提高动物福利保护生态环境具有积极的意义,被ECHA所提倡。
(3)Article 10 Information to be submitted for general registration purposes P71
(ix) proposals for testing where listed in Annexes IX and X;
对于目前不可得到的关于化学物质毒理学、生态毒理学终点的实验数据,可先提交相应的实验提案,不影响注册的过程。
(4)Article 26 Duty to inquire prior to registration P97
3. Studies involving vertebrate animals shall not be repeated.
涉及脊椎动物试验的研究不应重复。
(5)分阶段物质数据共享的过程和费用分摊
数据共享的过程
Step 1 企业收集自己有的有效的数据
Step 2 企业REACH注册所需数据的确定
Step 3 确定物质信息鸿沟
Step 4 向SIEF 的其它参与者请求数据共享
Step 5 如果需要,共享现有数据
Step 6 产生新数据/实验方案
Step 7 联合提交注册数据
费用分摊举例(数据共享指南中):(Guidance for Data Sharing)
一个由7个成员组成的SIEF中,有5份报告(2份Klimisch 1级别报告、2份Klimisch 2级别报告和1份没有级别的报告)
Participant A 拥有一份 Klimisch 1报告, 其价值为 € 215,325
Participant B 拥有一份 Klimisch 1报告, 其价值为 € 202,100
Participant C 拥有一份 Klimisch 2报告, 其价值为 € 165,390
Participant D 拥有一份 Klimisch 2报告, 其价值为 € 158,270
Participant E 拥有一份报告, 其价值没有经过估计
Participant F 和 G 没有任何报告
所有成员一致公认Participant A的报告为有效报告。
报告的价值为 € 215,325
成员平摊:€ 215,325/7= €30,761
成员A需要捐献的费用:0
成员B需要捐献的费用:0 (其报告与成员A等级相当)
成员C需要捐献的费用:30,761 x (215,325 - 165,390) / 215,325= € 7,134
成员D需要捐献的费用:30,761 x (215,325 - 158,270) / 215,325= € 8,151
成员E需要捐献的费用:€30,761
成员F需要捐献的费用:€30,761
成员G需要捐献的费用:€30,761
捐献的费用的总和:€107,566
成员A可分到的费用:€107,566×215,325/(215,325 + 201,100 + 165,390 + 158, 270)= € 31,254
成员B可分到的费用:€107,566×202,100/(215,325 + 201,100 + 165,390 + 158, 270)= € 29,334
成员C可分到的费用:€107,566×165,390/(215,325 + 201,100 + 165,390 + 158, 270)= € 24,006
成员D可分到的费用:€107,566×202,100/(215,325 + 201,100 + 165,390 + 158, 270)= € 22,279
结论:
Participant A收到 € 31,254(其报告价值为 € 215,325)
Participant B收到 € 29,334(其报告价值为 € 202,100)
Participant C收到 € 16,872(其报告价值为 € 165,390)
Participant D收到 € 14,822(其报告价值为 € 158,270)
Participants E, F and G 每个成员付 € 30,761
经比较,具有实验报告的人越多,在SIEF谈判中所能得到的补偿越少,因此其为注册所花费的数据费用会越多。而且,实验报告要经过价值评估,最终供大家分享的报告仅有一份,如果拥有实验报告的人的数据不被采用,其得到的补偿更少,而且还有可能要补给有效报告的人相应的差价。另外,化学物质的毒理学、生态毒理学试验需花费漫长的时间,如果现在做测试,很有可能耽误注册时间,从而影响企业的贸易。因此,我中心强烈建议不要先期去做实验。(在我中心访问欧盟时,ECHA的专家也向我们传递了同样的观点)
2008年06月06日